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Chapter 9: How to Run make 101
install Copy the executable file into a directory that users typically search for com-
mands; copy any auxiliary files that the executable uses into the directories
where it will look for them.
print Print listings of the source files that have changed.
tar Create a tar file of the source files.
shar Create a shell archive (shar file) of the source files.
dist Create a distribution file of the source files. This might be a tar file, or a shar
file, or a compressed version of one of the above, or even more than one of the
above.
TAGS Update a tags table for this program.
check
test Perform self tests on the program this makefile builds.
9.3 Instead of Executing Recipes
The makefile tells make how to tell whether a target is up to date, and how to update each
target. But updating the targets is not always what you want. Certain options specify
other activities for make.
‘-n’
‘--just-print’
‘--dry-run’
‘--recon’
“No-op”. Causes make to print the recipes that are needed to make the targets
up to date, but not actually execute them. Note that some recipes are still
executed, even with this flag (see Section 5.7.1 [How the MAKE Variable Works],
page 51). Also any recipes needed to update included makefiles are still executed
(see Section 3.5 [How Makefiles Are Remade], page 14).
‘-t’
‘--touch’
“Touch”. Marks targets as up to date without actually changing them. In
other words, make pretends to update the targets but does not really change
their contents; instead only their modified times are updated.
‘-q’
‘--question’
“Question”. Silently check whether the targets are up to date, but do not
execute recipes; the exit code shows whether any updates are needed.
‘-W file’
‘--what-if=file’
‘--assume-new=file’
‘--new-file=file’
“What if”. Each ‘-W’ flag is followed by a file name. The given files’ modification
times are recorded by make as being the present time, although the actual
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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