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Appendix A: Quick Reference 165

Appendix A Quick Reference

This appendix summarizes the directives, text manipulation functions, and special variables

which GNU make understands. See Section 4.8 [Special Targets], page 32, Section 10.2

[Catalogue of Built-In Rules], page 112, and Section 9.7 [Summary of Options], page 104,

for other summaries.

Here is a summary of the directives GNU make recognizes:

define variable

define variable =

define variable :=

define variable ::=

define variable +=

define variable ?=

endef Deﬁne multi-line variables.

See Section 6.8 [Multi-Line], page 69.

undefine variable

Undeﬁning variables.

See Section 6.9 [Undeﬁne Directive], page 69.

ifdef variable

ifndef variable

ifeq (a,b)

ifeq "a" "b"

ifeq ’a’ ’b’

ifneq (a,b)

ifneq "a" "b"

ifneq ’a’ ’b’

else

endif Conditionally evaluate part of the makeﬁle.

See Chapter 7 [Conditionals], page 77.

include file

-include file

sinclude file

Include another makeﬁle.

See Section 3.3 [Including Other Makeﬁles], page 13.

override variable-assignment

Deﬁne a variable, overriding any previous deﬁnition, even one from the com-

mand line.

See Section 6.7 [The override Directive], page 68.

export Tell make to export all variables to child processes by default.

See Section 5.7.2 [Communicating Variables to a Sub-make], page 52.

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