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108 GNU make
(see Section 10.3 [Variables Used by Implicit Rules], page 115); see the ‘-R’
option below.
‘-R’
‘--no-builtin-variables’
Eliminate use of the built-in rule-specific variables (see Section 10.3 [Variables
Used by Implicit Rules], page 115). You can still define your own, of course.
The ‘-R’ option also automatically enables the ‘-r’ option (see above), since
it doesn’t make sense to have implicit rules without any definitions for the
variables that they use.
‘-s’
‘--silent’
‘--quiet’
Silent operation; do not print the recipes as they are executed. See Section 5.2
[Recipe Echoing], page 43.
‘-S’
‘--no-keep-going’
‘--stop’
Cancel the effect of the ‘-k’ option. This is never necessary except in a recursive
make where ‘-k’ might be inherited from the top-level make via MAKEFLAGS (see
Section 5.7 [Recursive Use of make], page 50) or if you set ‘-k’ in MAKEFLAGS in
your environment.
‘-t’
‘--touch’
Touch files (mark them up to date without really changing them) instead of
running their recipes. This is used to pretend that the recipes were done, in
order to fool future invocations of make. See Section 9.3 [Instead of Executing
Recipes], page 101.
‘--trace’ Show tracing information for make execution. Prints the entire recipe to be
executed, even for recipes that are normally silent (due to .SILENT or ‘@’).
Also prints the makefile name and line number where the recipe was defined,
and information on why the target is being rebuilt.
‘-v’
‘--version’
Print the version of the make program plus a copyright, a list of authors, and a
notice that there is no warranty; then exit.
‘-w’
‘--print-directory’
Print a message containing the working directory both before and after execut-
ing the makefile. This may be useful for tracking down errors from complicated
nests of recursive make commands. See Section 5.7 [Recursive Use of make],
page 50. (In practice, you rarely need to specify this option since ‘make’ does
it for you; see Section 5.7.4 [The ‘--print-directory’ Option], page 55.)
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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